Events and trends

• 546 BC ? Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys.
• 546 BC ? Cyrus of Persia completes his conquest of Lydia, and makes Pasargadae his capital.
• 546 BC ? Cyrus the Great establishes a garrison in Sardis and incorporates the Greek cities of Ionia in Asia Minor into Persian Empire. Thus he gains the important ports that look out to the Mediterranean world.
• 544 BC ? People of Teos migrate to Abdera, Thrace to escape the yoke of Persia.
• 544 BC ? Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 543 BC ? North Indian Prince Vijaya invades Ceylon and establishes a Sri Lankan dynasty.
• 543 BC ? Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, purifies the island of Delos (approximate date).
• 543 BC ? Guided by the Chinese statesman Zi Chan, the State of Zheng institutes a formal code of law.
• 540 BC ? Cyrus the Great attacked Babylonia.
• 540 BC ? Greek city of Elea of southern Italy founded (approximate date).
• 540 BC ? Persians conquer Lycian city of Xanthos now in southern Turkey (approximate date).
• c. 540 BC ? Amasis Painter makes Dionysos with maenads, black-figure decoration on an amphora. It is now at Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris.
• c. 540 BC ? Exekias makes The Suicide of Ajax, black-figure decoration on a amphora. It is now at Chateau-Musee, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.

Significant people

• 549 BC ? Birth of Darius I
• 547 BC ? Death of Croesus?
• 546 BC ? Death of Anaximander, Greek philosopher (approximate date)
• 545 BC ? Death of Zhou ling wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
• 544 BC ? Birth of Sun Tzu
• 543 BC ? Death of Gautama Buddha (traditional in Thailand and elsewhere ? basis of the Thai solar calendar)
• 543 BC ? Death of Thales, Greek philosopher
• 540 BC ? Amyntas I becomes king of Macedonia (approximate date)
• Amasis Painter, Greek painter
• Exekias, Greek painter

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