See also: 1936 in Australia, other events of 1937, 1938 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history.

Incumbents

• Monarch ? King George VI
• Governor-General ? Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie
• Prime Minister ? Joseph Lyons

State Premiers

• Premier of New South Wales ? Bertram Stevens
• Premier of Queensland ? William Forgan Smith
• Premier of South Australia ? Richard L. Butler
• Premier of Tasmania ? Albert Ogilvie
• Premier of Victoria ? Albert Dunstan
• Premier of Western Australia ? John Willcock

State Governors

• Governor of New South Wales ? John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst (from April 8)
• Governor of Queensland ? Sir Leslie Orme Wilson
• Governor of South Australia ? Sir Winston Dugan
• Governor of Tasmania ? Sir Ernest Clark
• Governor of Victoria ? William Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield
• Governor of Western Australia ? none appointed

Events

• February 9 ? Cairns is hit by a tropical cyclone.
• February 15 ? An explosion kills 13 men at the State Coal Mine in Wonthaggi, Victoria.
• February 20 ? A general election is held in Tasmania. The incumbent Labor government lead by Albert Ogilvie is returned to power.
• March 1 ? Bernard O'Reilly locates the wreckage of an Airlines of Australia Stinson airliner, VH-UHH City of Brisbane, in the McPherson Range in southern Queensland. Two survivors are rescued, five others did not survive.
• April 20 ? Regular airmail services begin between Australia and the USA.
• October 23 ? The ACTU calls on the government to boycott trade with Japan, following the Japanese invasion of China.

Arts and literature

• June 24 ? The Commonwealth Literature Censorship Board replaces the Book Censorship Advisory Committee, and temporarily lifts the ban on Ulysses by James Joyce.

Sport

• March 3 ? Captained by Don Bradman, Australia defeats England in the Fifth Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, retaining The Ashes.
• September 25 ? Geelong become premiers of the 1937 VFL season, defeating Collingwood 18.14 (122) to 12.18 (90).
• November 19 ? Hubert Opperman completes an epic bicycle ride from Fremantle, Western Australia to Sydney, taking 13 days, 10 hours and 11 minutes.

Births

• January 16 ? Lorraine Bayly, actor
• January 21 ? Michael Beahan, Labor Senator for Western Australia
• January 25 ? John Watson, Liberal Senator for Tasmania
• February 4 ? John Devitt, Olympic swimmer
• February 19 ? Lee Harding, science fiction writer
• February 19 ? Colin Ridgway, NFL American footballer (d. 1993)
• February 21 ? Ron Clarke, Olympic athlete
• March 3 ? Kevin O'Halloran, Olympic swimmer
• April 7 ? Louise Faulkner, missing woman
• April 19 ? Lindsay Fox, businessman
• May 27 ? Peter Pinne, writer and composer
• June 1 ? Colleen McCullough, novelist
• June 11 ? Robin Warren, Nobel Prize-winning pathologist
• July 26 ? Alan Cadman, politician
• July 26 ? Guy Green, Governor of Tasmania (1995?2003)
• August 28 ? Tony Marchant, Olympic track cyclist
• September 1 ? Ian Callinan, High Court judge
• September 4 ? Dawn Fraser, Olympic swimmer
• September 17 ? Gary Chapman, Olympic swimmer
• October 3 ? John Hodges, Minister for Immigration (1982?1983)
• October 10 ? Bruce Devlin, golfer
• November 21 ? John Kerin, politician
• December 12 ? Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia
• December 12 ? Judy Tegart, tennis player
• December 17 ? Kerry Packer, businessman (d. 2005)
• December 36 - Kevin Rudd Current Prime Minister

Deaths

• February 14 ? Walter Burley Griffin (b. 1876), architect of Canberra (died in India)
• March 18 ? Walter Wilson Froggatt (b. 1858), geologist and economic entomologist
• June 9 ? Charles Chewings (b. 1859), geologist and anthropologist
• July 10 ? Thomas Brentnall (b. 1846), accountant and musician
• July 22 ? Ted McDonald (b. 1891), cricketer and Australian Rules footballer (Essendon, Fitzroy)
• July 28 ? Sir George Hyde (b. 1877), head of the Royal Australian Navy
• August 14 ? Bruce Smith (b. 1851), politician
• August 28 ? George Prendergast (b. 1854), Premier of Victoria (1924)
• September 28 ? William Ramsay Smith (b. 1859), anthropologist
• October 2 ? Sir Granville Ryrie (b. 1865), soldier
• November 4 ? Alfred Walter Campbell (b. 1868), neurologist
• November 6 ? William Moore (b. 1868), art and drama critic
• November 17 ? Jack Worrall (b. 1860), cricketer and Australian Rules footballer
• November 19 ? Rayner Hoff (b. 1894), sculptor
• November 27 ? Walter Howchin (b. 1845), geologist
• December 11 ? Godfrey Irving (b. 1867), soldier and Chief of the General Staff (1915)
• December 16 ? Sir Murray Bourchier (b. 1881), soldier and

Deputy Premier of Victoria