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1923

Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Events of 1923

January-February

January 1 - Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies.
January 10 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel.
January 11 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.
January 17 - Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
January 18 - Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire.
February 8 - Billy Hughes resigns as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party. Hughes is succeeded by his Treasurer, Stanley Bruce.
February 23 - Barcelona (Spain): Albert Einstein visits the city, at the invitation of scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa.

March-April

March - Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias.
March 1 - USS Connecticut decommissioned.
March 1 - Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.
March 2 - Time magazine hits newsstands for the first time.
March 9 - Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
March 28 - Regia Aeronautica, air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April 6 - The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Malaysia.
April 12 - Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
April 23 - The Turkish Council is founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
April 29 - Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia seaport.
April 26 - Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey.

May-June

May 3 - Creation of Aleph Zadik Aleph
May 23 - Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines.
May 24 - End of Irish Civil War.
May 27 - Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members.
June 9 - Military coup in Bulgaria - prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14).
June 13 - China President Li abandoned his residence because a warlord had commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off water and electric supplies of the residence in order to force him to abandon his post.
June 16 - Storming of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War
June 18 - Etna volcano erupts - 60,000 made homeless.
June 25 - Rapid Bucure?ti is formed on the initiative of the Grivi?a railroad workers. The name given at the time was CFR Bucure?ti.

July-August

July 10 - Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostow, Soviet Union.
July 19 - July 20 - Assassination of Pancho Villa.
July 24 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States, (1921 - 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929).
August 13 - First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.
August 13 - Gustav Stresemann is named chancellor and founds a coalition government in Weimar Republic Germany.

September-October

September 1 - Great Kant? earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to Japanese construction reserch center report on 2005, 105,000 confirmed dead 1923 quake.
September 4 - In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS Shenandoah, takes to the sky for the first time.
September 6 - Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation of murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
September 8 - Honda Point Disaster: Seven US Navy destroyers ran aground off the California coast.
September 9 - Atat�rk founded the CHP.
September 10 - Ireland joins League of Nations.
September 13 - Military coup in Spain - Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are banned for 10 years.
September 17 - A major fire in Berkeley, California erupts, consumed some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely-built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
September 18 - September 26 - Newspaper printers strike in New York.
September 26 - In Bayern, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
October 13 - Ankara replaces ?stanbul as the capital of Turkey.
October 26 - in Persia, Reza Khan became Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
October 29 - Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

November-December

November 1 - Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
November 8 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
November 12 - Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 - The hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 quadrillion). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency. See inflation in the Weimar Republic.
November 23 - Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses.
December 12 - In Italy, the Po river dam bursts - 600 dead.
December 20 - First social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States is founded, BEGGARS Fraternity, by a group of 9 men who secured permission to do so from the Pope.
December 27 - Assassination attempt against the crown prince of Japan in Tokyo.

Undated

Unemployment insurance scheme introduced in Queensland.
International Police Conference in Vienna. Interpol is set up.
Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in Egypt.
Police strike in Australia.
American Law Institute established.
Moderation League of New York becomes part of the movement for repeal of prohibition in the United States.
Rainbow Trout introduced into the upper Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park

Ongoing

Pontic Greek Genocide (1916?1923).

Births

January - February

January 1 - Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)
January 1 - Rom�o Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d. 1944)
January 5 - Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
January 6 - Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
January 7 - Hugh Kenner,boom Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
January 8 - Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
January 16 - Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
January 19 - Jean Stapleton, American actress
January 23 - Cot Deal, major league baseball player and coach
January 23 - Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of Kevlar fibers
January 25 - Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
January 26 - Anne Jeffreys, American actress
January 29 - Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
January 31 - Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)
February 2 - James Dickey, American poet and author (d. 1997)
February 2 - Liz Smith, American gossip columnist
February 9 - Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
February 10 - Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer
February 12 - Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
February 13 - Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
February 13 - Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official
February 20 - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
February 24 - David Soyer, American cellist
February 27 - Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)

March - April

March 4 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
March 6 - Ed McMahon, American television personality
March 7 - Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
March 9 - Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
March 10 - Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 12 - Wally Schirra, astronaut (d. 2007)
March 21 - Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga
March 22 - Marcel Marceau, world renown French Mime (d. 2007)
March 25 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
March 26 - Bob Elliott, American comedian
March 27 - Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
March 30 - Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)
April 2 - G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
April 6 - Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)
April 8 - George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)
April 8 - Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (d. 1997)
April 13 - Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d. 2005)
April 20 - Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
April 22 - Bettie Page, American model
April 22 - Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer (d. 2006)
April 23 - Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
April 25 - Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
April 30 - Al Lewis, American actor (d. 2006)
April 30 - Francis Tucker, South African Rally Driver (d. 2008)

May - June

May 1 - Joseph Heller, American novelist (d. 1999)
May 2 - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
May 3 - Ralph Hall, American politician
May 4 - Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)
May 5 - Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)
May 7 - Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
May 10 - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan from June 1993 to October 2003 (d. 2003)
May 10 - Verne Gagne, American professional wrestler
May 15 - John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)
May 16 - Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
May 18 - Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
May 21 - Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)
May 21 - Dorothy Hewett, writer (d. 2002)
May 23 - Kalidas Shrestha, Nepalese artist
May 21 - Ara Parseghian, American football coach
May 26 - James Arness, American actor
May 27 - Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
May 28 - Gy�rgy Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d. 2006)
May 28 - NTR, Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor (d. 1996)
May 31 - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
June 4 - Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
June 10 - Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
June 15 - Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
June 24 - Jack Carter, American comedian
June 27 - Gus Zernial, American baseball player
June 28 - Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (d. 1980)

Deaths

Mohammad Ya`qub Khan, Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar (b. 1849)

January - June

January 9 - Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b. 1888)
January 9 - Edith Thompson, hanged for murder (or adultery; b. 25 December 1893)
January 23 - Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
January 31 - Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
February 3 - Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)
February 10 - Wilhelm R�ntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
February 23 - Th�ophile Delcass�, French statesman (b. 1852)
March 8 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
March 26 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
March 27 - Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
March 28 - Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
April 4 - John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
April 5 - George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
April 23 - Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)
June 9 - Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)
June 24 - Edith S�dergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)

July - December

July 10 - Albert Chevalier, music hall comedian (b. 1861)
July 23 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
August 24 - Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
September 9 - Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
October 30 - Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
November 9 - (among those killed in Beer Hall Putsch):
November 9 - Oskar K�rner, businessman (b. 1875)
November 9 - Karl Laforce, student (b. 1904)
November 9 - Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, diplomat and revolutionary (b. 1884)
November 14 - Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
December 12 - Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
December 13 - Th�ophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
date unknown - Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (b. 1867)

Nobel prizes

Physics - Robert Andrews Millikan
Chemistry - Fritz Pregl
Physiology or Medicine - Frederick Grant Banting, John James Richard Macleod
Literature - William Butler Yeats
Peace - Not awarded

Notes

External references

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