Year 1565 was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events of 1565

January - June

• January 26 - The Battle of Talikota, a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates.

March 1: Rio de Janeiro.

• February 13 - Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi lands with his troops on the shores of Cebu Island in the Philippine archipelago.
• March 1 - The city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is founded.
• April 27 - Cebu City (originally named San Miguel) is established by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
• May 18 - Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning The Great Siege of Malta.
• June 17 - Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

July - December

• July 29 - Queen Mary I of Scotland, widowed, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.
• August 28 - St. Augustine, Florida (named after St. Augustine), is established. It is the oldest remaining European settlement in the United States.
• September 4 - The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands on modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.
• September 8 - Pedro Menéndez de Avilés settles in St. Augustine, Florida.
• September 11 - The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish Siege of Malta (started on May 18).

Undated

• In Russia, it is the beginning of the Opritchtina.
• The pencil is first documented by Conrad Gesner.
• John Beddoes School is founded.

Births

• April 2 - Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
• May 15 - Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch architect and sculptor (d. 1621)
• August 16 - Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637)
• September 28 - Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635)
• October 6 - Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645)
• November 10 - Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)
• date unknown
  • Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635)
  • Edward Blount, English printer
  • Ferdinando Gorges, English colonial entrepreneur (d. 1647)
  • John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618)
  • Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647)
  • Pedro Fernández de Quirós, Portuguese seaman and explorer (d. 1614)
  • John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639)
  • Francis Tanfield, Governor of the South Falkland colony
  • Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608)
  • Robert Wintour, English conspirator (d. 1606)
• probable
  • Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628)
  • George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634)
  • Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646)

Deaths

• January 19 - Diego Laynez, Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)
• March 17 - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500)
• May 14 - Nicolaus von Amsdorf, German Protestant reformer (b. 1483)
• May 28 - Miko?aj "the Black" Radziwi??, Polish magnate (b. 1515)
• June 12 - Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (b. 1512)
• June 17 - Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b. 1536)
• August - Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500)
• September 13 - William Farel, French evangelist (b. 1489)
• September 20 - Cypriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515)
• October 4 - Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b. 1498)
• October 5 - Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)
• October 12 - Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)
• October 14 - Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)
• October 22 - Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479)
• December 9 - Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)
• December 13 - Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)
• date unknown
  • Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England
  • Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanae te
  • Lope de Rueda, Spanish writer (b. c. 1510)
  • Pawe? Tar?o, canon of Krakow

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