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1531

Year 1531 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January 26 - Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake in which thousands die.
February 27 - Lutheran princes in the Holy Roman Empire form a defensive alliance known as the Schmalkaldic League.
February (or March) - Battle of Antukyah: Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi of Adal defeats the Ethiopian army.
February 11 - Henry VIII of England is recognised as supreme head of the Church of England.
April - Battle of Puná: Francisco Pizarro defeats the island's native inhabitants.
April 16 - The city of Puebla, Mexico is founded.
June 24 - The city of San Juan del Río, Mexico is founded.

July 25 - The city of Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico is founded.
September 22 - Battle of Obertyn: The Moldavians are defeated by Polish forces under Jan Amor Tarnowski, allowing the Polish Crown to retrieve Pokucie.
October 11 - Battle of Kappel: The forces of Zürich are defeated by the Catholic cantons. Huldrych Zwingli, the Swiss religious reformer, is killed.
October 28 - Battle of Amba Sel: Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi again defeats the army of Lebna Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia. The southern part of Ethiopia thus falls under Imam Ahmad's control.
December 12 - The Virgin Mary, in the guise of Our Lady of Guadalupe, appears to Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, an Aztec convert to Catholicism.

Andrea Alciato publishes the first part of his Emblemata.
The Comet Halley appears.
Conquistador Francisco de Montejo claims Chichen Itza as capital of Spanish ruled Yucatán.
The University of Sarajevo is founded by Gazi Husrev-beg.
Kõpu lighthouse is completed.
An enormous drought in Henan province of China during the Ming Dynasty is coupled with the disaster of a gigantic swarm of locusts in the summer, forcing many in destitute agricultural communities to turn to cannibalism instead of dying off by starvation.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor abolishes the worst abuses of the encomienda system by pressure of Bartolome de Las Casas.

See also Category: 1531 births.

January 21 - Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (b. 1487)
February 16 - Johannes Stöffler, German mathematician (b. 1452)
March 6 - Pedrarias Dávila, Spanish colonial administrator (b. c. 1440)
May 19 - Jan ?aski, Polish statesman and diplomat (b. 1456)
July 7 - Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (b. 1460)
July 17 - Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese military commander (b. 1484)
July 23 - Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, Marshal of Normandy and husband of Diane de Poitiers
October 10 - Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss reformer (in battle) (b. 1484)
September 22 - Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I of France (b. 1476)
November 24 - Johannes Oecolampadius, German religious reformer (b. 1482)
date unknown
- Vallabhacharya, founder of the Hindu Vallabha sect (b. 1479)
probable
- Fernan Perez de Oliva, Spanish man of letters (b. 1492)

See also Category: 1531 deaths.

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