XPL
     
        A small dialect of PL/I used for compiler writing from
        Stanford, 1967-69.  XPL has
        one-dimensional arrays.  I/O is achieved with character
        pseudo-variable INPUT and OUTPUT, e.g.
     
        	OUTPUT = 'This is a line';
     
        It has inline machine code.  "Programmers are given all the
        rope they ask for.  Novices tend to hang themselves fairly
        frequently."  XPL has been implemented on IBM 360, Univac
        1100, ICL System 4, CDC6000 and Cyber series, XDS
        Sigma-5 and Sigma-7 and DEC PDP-10.
     
        An optimising XPL compiler (version 1) by Robin Vowels
         is a standard implementation of XPL
        and is based on McKeeman, Horning, and Wortman's improved
        XCOM (which employs hashed symbol table generation).  It
        includes the extra built-in function COREHALFWORD.
     
        The following areas have been optimised: procedures calls when
        the argument and corresponding parameter are of the same type,
        and when the argument is a constant; constant subscripts; use
        of CORELHALFWORD and COREWORD; string constants of length one;
        iterative DO statements by transferring code to the end of the
        loop.
     
        String constants of length one do not require a descriptor,
        hence more descriptors are available for string variables.
        Comparison operations are treated as commutative, and an
        improved Commute algorithm is used.  Halfword instructions are
        generated for BIT(16) variables.
     
        These areas have been improved or re-written: calls on OUTPUT,
        catenation, integer-to-string conversion, multiply, divide,
        and MOD.  An emitter for SS-type instructions has been added.
        The compiler achieves an 11% reduction in object code
        compiling itself, an 11% increase in compilation rate, a 55%
        increase in compilation speed when the $E toggle is set.
        Special treatment for catenating a string to an integer
        substantially decreases consumption of the free string area,
        and decreases string moves.  The latter improvement is most
        noticeable on small core machines.
     
        Core requirements: less than the improved XCOM on which it is
        based (approx. 98000 bytes).  Symbol table size is 468.
        Ported to IBM System 370.  The compiler is written in XPL.
        The code generators are machine-specific.
     
        ["A Compiler Generator," W.M. McKeeman et al, P-H 1970].
     
        [JCC, AFIPS 1968].
     
        (1993-08-07)